stc12+: drop checksum verification for flashing

It's not needed on STC12 and up. All transfers are error checked with parity and a 16-bit modular sum already. STC15 dropped the verification checksum on the protocol level, it's not sent with the write status packet, which is a testament to it being useless. Some parts store the UID in the last bytes of flash memory and this verification actually caused incorrect verification failures because of that. Fixes grigorig/stcgal#15.
2016-05-26 12:53:02 +02:00
28 changed files with 388 additions and 1721 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 *~
 *.pyc
 *.egg-info
-*.eggs/
+__pycache__
 *.pybuild/
 __pycache__/
 /build
 /dist
 /deb_dist
 /debian/stcgal*
 /debian/files
 /.vscode
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
 sudo: required
 dist: trusty
 language: python
 cache:
  - pip
 python:
  - "3.4"
  - "3.5"
  - "3.6"
  - "pypy3"
 before_install:
  - sudo apt install rpm dpkg-dev debhelper dh-python python3-setuptools fakeroot python3-serial python3-yaml
 install:
  - pip install pyserial pyusb tqdm
 script:
  - python setup.py build
  - python setup.py test
 before_deploy:
  - deactivate
  - python3 setup.py bdist_rpm
  - dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
  - cp ../*.deb dist/
 deploy:
  provider: releases
  api_key: $GH_TOKEN
  file_glob: true
  file:
  - dist/stcgal*_all.deb
  - dist/stcgal*.noarch.rpm
  skip_cleanup: true
  on:
    tags: true
    python: "3.4"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/grigorig/stcgal.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/grigorig/stcgal)
 stcgal - STC MCU ISP flash tool
 ===============================
@ -23,18 +21,18 @@ suitable for automation.
 Supported MCU models
 --------------------
-stcgal should fully support STC 89/90/10/11/12/15 series MCUs. Support for STC8 series MCUs is work in progress.
+stcgal should fully support STC 89/90/10/11/12/15 series MCUs.
 So far, stcgal was tested with the following MCU models:
-* STC89C52RC (BSL version: 4.3C/6.6C)
+* STC89C52RC (BSL version: 4.3C)
 * STC90C52RC (BSL version: 4.3C)
 * STC89C54RD+ (BSL version: 4.3C)
 * STC12C2052 (BSL version: 5.8D)
 * STC12C2052AD (BSL version: 5.8D)
 * STC12C5608AD (BSL version: 6.0G)
 * STC12C5A16S2 (BSL version: 6.2I)
-* STC12C5A60S2 (BSL version: 6.2I/7.1I)
+* STC12C5A60S2 (BSL version: 6.2I)
 * STC11F02E (BSL version: 6.5K)
 * STC10F04XE (BSL version: 6.5J)
 * STC11F08XE (BSL version: 6.5M)
@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ So far, stcgal was tested with the following MCU models:
 * STC15L2K16S2 (BSL version: 7.2.4S)
 * STC15W408AS (BSL version: 7.2.4T)
 * STC15W4K56S4 (BSL version: 7.3.4T, UART and USB mode)
 * STC8A8K64S4A12 (BSL version: 7.3.9U)
 Compatibility reports, both negative and positive, are welcome.
@ -60,9 +57,9 @@ Features
 * Program flash memory
 * Program IAP/EEPROM
 * Set device options
-* Read unique device ID (STC 10/11/12/15/8)
+* Read unique device ID (STC 10/11/12/15)
-* Trim RC oscillator frequency (STC 15/8)
+* Trim RC oscillator frequency (STC 15)
-* Automatic power-cycling with DTR toggle or a custom shell command
+* Automatic power-cycling with DTR toggle
 * Automatic UART protocol detection
 Installation
@ -97,9 +94,6 @@ positional arguments:
 optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -a, --autoreset       cycle power automatically by asserting DTR
  -r RESETCMD, --resetcmd RESETCMD
                        Use this shell command for board power-cycling
                        (instead of DTR assertion)
  -P {stc89,stc12a,stc12,stc15a,stc15,auto}, --protocol {stc89,stc12a,stc12,stc15a,stc15,auto}
                        protocol version
  -p PORT, --port PORT  serial port device
@ -127,7 +121,6 @@ and MCU series is as follows:
 * ```stc12``` Most STC10/11/12 series
 * ```stc15a``` STC15x104E and STC15x204E(A) series
 * ```stc15``` Most STC15 series
 * ```stc8``` STC8 series
 * ```usb15``` USB support on STC15W4 series
 * ```auto``` Automatic detection of UART based protocols (default)
@ -259,20 +252,17 @@ Option key                    | Possible values   | Protocols/Models    | Descri
 ```por_reset_delay```         | short/long        | STC12+              | Power-on reset (POR) delay
 ```low_voltage_threshold```   | 0...7             | STC15A+             | Low-voltage detection threshold. Model specific.
 ```eeprom_lvd_inhibit```      | true/false        | STC15A+             | Ignore EEPROM writes in low-voltage situations
-```rstout_por_state```        | low/high          | STC15+              | RSTOUT/RSTSV pin state after power-on reset
+```rstout_por_state```        | low/high          | STC15+              | RSTOUT pin state after power-on reset
 ```uart1_remap```             | true/false        | STC8                | Remap UART1 pins (P3.0/P3.1) to UART2 pins (P3.6/P3.7)
 ```uart2_passthrough```       | true/false        | STC15+              | Pass-through UART1 to UART2 pins (for single-wire UART mode)
 ```uart2_pin_mode```          | push-pull/normal  | STC15+              | Output mode of UART2 TX pin
 ```cpu_core_voltage```        | low/mid/high      | STC15W+             | CPU core voltage (low: ~2.7V, mid: ~3.3V, high: ~3.6V)
 ```epwm_open_drain```         | true/false        | STC8                | Use open-drain pin mode for EPWM pins after power-on reset
 ```program_eeprom_split```    | 512 - 65024       | STC8A8 w/ 64 KB     | Select split between code flash and EEPROM flash (in 512 byte blocks)
 ### Frequency trimming
 If the internal RC oscillator is used (```clock_source=internal```),
 stcgal can execute a trim procedure to adjust it to a given value. This
-is only supported by STC15 series and newer. The trim values are stored
+is only supported by STC15 series. The trim values are stored with
-with device options. Use the ```-t``` flag to request trimming to a certain
+device options. Use the ```-t``` flag to request trimming to a certain
 value. Generally, frequencies between 4 and 35 MHz can be achieved. If
 trimming fails, stcgal will abort.
@ -284,22 +274,7 @@ serial interface to automate this. The DTR signal is asserted for
 approximately 500 ms when the autoreset feature is enabled with the
 ```-a``` flag. This requires external circuitry to actually switch the
 power. In some cases, when the microcontroller draws only little power,
-it is possible to directly supply power from the DTR signal.
+it is possible to directly supply power from the DTR signal, however.
 As an alternative to DTR, you can use a custom shell command or an external
 script (via -r option) to reset the  device. You should specify the command
 along with -a option. Do not forget the quotes!
 Example:
 ```
  $ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 -a -r "echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio666/value"
 ```
 or
 ```
  $ ./stcgal.py -P stc15 -a -r "./powercycle.sh"
 ```
 ### Exit status
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
 stcgal (1.4) unstable; urgency=low
  * Update to 1.4
 -- Grigori <greg@chown.ath.cx>  Tue, 19 Sep 2017 17:57:11 +0200
 stcgal (1.3) unstable; urgency=low
  * Update to 1.3
 -- Grigori Goronzy <greg@chown.ath.cx>  Sat, 10 Jun 2017 10:01:07 +0200
 stcgal (1.2) unstable; urgency=low
  * Update to 1.2
--- a/debian/control
+++ b/debian/control
@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ Source: stcgal
 Section: electronics
 Priority: optional
 Maintainer: Andrew Andrianov <andrew@ncrmnt.org>
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python3, python3-setuptools, dh-python, python3-serial, python3-tqdm, python3-yaml
+Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python3, python3-setuptools, dh-python
 Standards-Version: 3.9.5
 Homepage: https://github.com/grigorig/stcgal
 X-Python3-Version: >= 3.2
 Package: stcgal
 Architecture: all
-Depends: ${misc:Depends}, python3, python3-serial, python3-tqdm
+Depends: ${misc:Depends}, python3, python3-serial
 Recommends: python3-usb (>= 1.0.0~b2)
 Description: STC MCU ISP flash tool
 stcgal is a command line flash programming tool for STC MCU Ltd.
--- a/doc/stc15-usb-protocol.txt
+++ b/doc/stc15-usb-protocol.txt
@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
 STC15 series USB ISP protocol
 =============================
 General principle
 -----------------
 - host does OUT and IN control transfers for write and read
 - IN transfer with wLength = 132, wValue = 0, wIndex = 0, bRequest = 0 are used for all reads
 - OUT transfers with with specific bRequest, wValue, wIndex are used for writes
 Packet coding
 -------------
 - packets from MCU
  always start with 0x46 0xb9, similar to serial protocols
  third byte is packet length, followed by data bytes
  checksum at the end: 8 bit modular sum
 - packets from host
  no header bytes
  bRequest sets packet type
  wValue, wIndex interpretation according to packet type
  8 bit modular checksum for every 7 bytes, interleaved
 - packet types derived from the serial protocol
 Specific packet information
 ---------------------------
 - flash data
  wIndex specifies write address
  wValue is 0xa55a
  bRequest is 0x22 for first packet, 0x02 for the following ones
  unusually encoded: a total of 128 bytes per packet,
  with every 7 byte checksummed in some way,
  for a total of 18x7 byte segments and a final 2 byte segment
  checksum: 8 bit modular sum
 - option packet
  generally same as with serial protocol, some header stuff omitted
  wIndex is 0
  wValue is 0xa55a
  bRequest is 4
  seems to use the same checksumming scheme as flash writes
--- a/doc/stc8-options.txt
+++ b/doc/stc8-options.txt
@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
 MCS bytes
 =========
            46 b9 6a 00 33 04 00 00 5a a5 ff ff ff 00 ff ff
            00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
            00 ff 01 31 20 80 34 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff 8b bf
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^       ^^    ^^          ^^ ^^
                  frequency         clkdiv 5)         1) 3)
                              ^^^^^
                              trim?
            f7 fe 1f cc 16
            ^^ ^^
            4) 2)
 1) not stricty related to some register
 aka MCS1
 bit 0: ? always 1
 bit 1: oscillator high gain
 bit 2: EPWM push-pull enabled
 bit 3: p2.0 state after boot
 bit 4: TXD signal source from RXD
 bit 5: p3.7 push-pull enabled
 bit 6: UART1 remap enabled
 bit 7: long power-on reset delay
 2) not strictly related to some register
 aka MCS4
 eeprom size / code space upper limit (in pages)
 only seems to apply to devices with max. flash size
 e.g. fe -> 63.5K, e0 -> 56K
 3) like RSTCFG? inverted?
 aka MCS2
 bit 0: LVD0
 bit 1: LVD1
 bit 2: ? always 1
 bit 3: ? always 1
 bit 4: ~reset pin enabled
 bit 5: ? always 1
 bit 6: ~enable lvd reset
 bit 7: ? always 1
 LVD:
 2.20V -> 0xbf
 2.40V -> 0xbe
 2.70V -> 0xbd
 3.00V -> 0xbc
 4) like WDT_CONTR
 aka MCS3
 bit 0: WDPS0
 bit 1: WDPS1
 bit 2: WDPS2
 bit 3: ~stop wdt in idle
 bit 4: ? always 1
 bit 5: ~enable wdt on por
 bit 6: ? always 1
 bit 7: ? always 1
 WDPS like in datasheet
 5)
 aka MCS0
 bit 0: ? ~BSLD / bootloader enabled
 bit 1: erase eeprom enabled
 bit 2: ?
 bit 3: ?
 bit 4: ?
 bit 5: ?
 bit 6: ?
 bit 7: ?
--- a/doc/stc8-protocol.txt
+++ b/doc/stc8-protocol.txt
@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
 Overview of changes
 -------------------
 The following changes have been observed compared to STC15:
 - Many differences in the status packet
 - At least some differences in MCS
 - Different challenge
  - no separate program speed
  - clock division was introduced; calibration always in the ~20-30 MHz range, lower clocks
    use division
  - the meaning of the calibration ranges and trim has changed
 The good:
 - Erase, Program, etc. operations are apparently unchanged. :)
 Status packet
 -------------
 46 B9 68 00 30   50 00 54 62 58 5D 00 04 FF FD 8B BF FF 27 4A F7 FE 73 55 00 F6 28 09 85 E3 5F 80 07 20 20 20 01 00 00 FE 05 3A 17 05 25 91 FF   10 AE 16
                                                                                      ^^^^^ wakeup clock
 Clock set to 20 MHz by STC-ISP (encoding is different compared to STC15):
 46 B9 68 00 30   50 01 31 2E 90 38 01 01 FF FD 8B BF FF 27 35 F7 FE 73 55 00 F6 28 09 85 E3 5F 80 07 20 20 20 01 00 00 FE 05 3A 17 05 25 91 FF   10 54 16
 46 B9 68 00 30   50 01 31 2E 90 38 01 01 FF FD 8B BF FF 27 3B F7 FE 73 55 00 F6 28 09 85 E3 5F 80 07 20 20 20 01 00 00 FE 05 3A 17 05 25 91 FF   10 5A 16
                                                        ^^^^^ some 24 MHz reference or other clk measurement?
                                ^^^^^ trim/adjust?
                                      ^^ clkdiv
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^ clk
 MCS bytes
 46 B9 68 00 30   50 01 31 2E 90 38 01 01 FF FD 8B BF FF 27 35 F7 FE 73 55 00 F6 28 09 85 E3 5F 80 07 20 20 20 01 00 00 FE 05 3A 17 05 25 91 FF   10 54 16
                                            ^^^^^^^^          ^^^^^
 Disconnect
 ----------
 Uses FF command byte.
 Basic challenge operation
 -------------------------
 Host sends a challenge of some kind, followed by 0xfe pulsing
 46 B9 6A 00 0C   00 02 00 00 80 00   00 F8 16
 Much simpler than in STC15
 MCU sends back some response:
 46 B9 68 00 0C   00 02 36 AD 4E 83   02 2A 16
 Host now sends some longer challenge, followed by more pulses:
 46 B9 6A 00 20   00 0C 7C 00 7C 01 7C 02 7C 03 7D 00 7D 01 7D 02 7D 03 7E 00 7E 01 7E 02 7E 03   06 84 16
 MCU sends back some response:
 46 B9 68 00 20   00 0C 4D C6 4D DB 4D E7 4D F3 4D F6 4E 0E 4E 11 4E 26 4E 26 4E 32 4E 41 4E 56   09 DC 16
 Host now seems to initiate a baud switch or something like that
 46 B9 6A 00 0E   01 00 00 FF CC 01 7C 80   03 41 16
 MCU acknowlegdes it:
 46 B9 68 00 07   01   00 70 16
 Now the MCU switches to the new baud rate.
 Challenges observed
 -------------------
 6 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C 1400 1401 1402 1403 1500 1501 1502 1503 1600 1601 1602 1603 01A416
 5.5 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C 5C00 5C01 5C02 5C03 5D00 5D01 5D02 5D03 5E00 5E01 5E02 5E03 050416
 11 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C 5B00 5B01 5B02 5B03 5C00 5C01 5C02 5C03 5D00 5D01 5D02 5D03 04F816
 20 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C 3600 3601 3602 3603 3700 3701 3702 3703 3800 3801 3802 3803 033C16
 24 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C 7C00 7C01 7C02 7C03 7D00 7D01 7D02 7D03 7E00 7E01 7E02 7E03 068416
 27 MHz:
 46B96A0020000C B000 B001 B002 B003 B100 B101 B102 B103 B200 B201 B202 B203 08F416
 Ranges vs trim value
 --------------------
 46 B9 6A 00 20 00 0C   00 00  80 00  FF 00  00 01  80 01  FF 01  00 02  80 02  FF 02  00 03  80 03  FF 03   06 A4 16
 46 B9 68 00 20 00 0C   36 9B  4E 92  65 E4  36 CB  4E 7D  66 29  36 D1  4E 83  66 05  36 CB  4E C2  66 47   0A EA 16
 first byte determines general trim value... range of ~16 to ~30 MHz, the second byte (00..03) is a fine adjustment.
 Clock division?
 ---------------
 5.5 MHz vs 11 Mhz: challenge is about the same. it's likely some kind of clock divider is used!
 5.5 Mhz switch: 01 00 00 FF CC 01 5C 80 clkdiv = 4?
 11  MHz switch: 01 00 00 FF CC 01 5B 80 clkdiv = 2?
 22  MHz switch: 01 00 00 FF CC 01 5C 80 clkdiv = 1?
 22 Mhz  option packet: 0400005AA5FFFFFF00FFFF00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00FF01516D405D0201FFFDFFFFFF8BBFF7FE
 11 MHz  option packet: 0400005AA5FFFFFF00FFFF00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00FF00A8AF985D0102FFFDFFFFFF8BBFF7FE
 5.5 MHz option packet: 0400005AA5FFFFFF00FFFF00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00FF005462585D0004FFFDFFFFFF8BBFF7FE
                                                                                             ^^ clkdiv?	
                                                                                 ^^^^^^^^ clkspeed
 Always 24 MHz for programming
 -----------------------------
 Calibration for anything but 24 Mhz (and around that) fails when switching baud. Another observation is that there is no
 programming speed being calibrated anymore. This may suggest that a fixed speed is used for programming.
 Adjusting BRT calculation to 24 MHz in the switch packet seems to work. So it is really using 24 MHz by default;
 probably some pre-calibrated value.
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -24,13 +24,10 @@
 import stcgal
 from setuptools import setup, find_packages
 with open("README.md", "r") as fh:
    long_description = fh.read()
 setup(
    name = "stcgal",
    version = stcgal.__version__,
-    packages = find_packages(exclude=["doc", "tests"]),
+    packages = find_packages(exclude=["doc"]),
    install_requires = ["pyserial"],
    extras_require = {
        "usb": ["pyusb>=1.0.0"]
@ -41,9 +38,6 @@ setup(
        ],
    },
    description = "STC MCU ISP flash tool",
    long_description = long_description,
    long_description_content_type = "text/markdown",
    keywords = "stc mcu microcontroller 8051 mcs-51",
    url = "https://github.com/grigorig/stcgal",
    author = "Grigori Goronzy",
    author_email = "greg@kinoho.net",
@ -58,12 +52,7 @@ setup(
        "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
        "Operating System :: MacOS",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Embedded Systems",
        "Topic :: Software Development",
    ],
    test_suite = "tests",
    tests_require = ["PyYAML"],
 )
--- a/stcgal/init.py
+++ b/stcgal/init.py
@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "1.4"
+__version__ = "1.2"
--- a/stcgal/main.py
+++ b/stcgal/main.py
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Grigori Goronzy <greg@chown.ath.cx>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 #
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 # copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 #
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
 import sys
 import stcgal.frontend
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(stcgal.frontend.cli())
--- a/stcgal/frontend.py
+++ b/stcgal/frontend.py
@ -20,22 +20,11 @@
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
-import sys
+import sys, os, time, struct
 import argparse
 import stcgal
-import serial
+from stcgal.utils import Utils, BaudType
-from stcgal.utils import BaudType
+from stcgal.protocols import *
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc89Protocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc12AProtocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc12BProtocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc12Protocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc15Protocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc15AProtocol
 from stcgal.protocols import StcUsb15Protocol
 from stcgal.protocols import Stc8Protocol
 from stcgal.protocols import StcAutoProtocol
 from stcgal.protocols import StcProtocolException
 from stcgal.protocols import StcFramingException
 from stcgal.ihex import IHex
 class StcGal:
@ -43,10 +32,7 @@ class StcGal:
    def __init__(self, opts):
        self.opts = opts
        self.initialize_protocol(opts)
    def initialize_protocol(self, opts):
        """Initialize protocol backend"""
        if opts.protocol == "stc89":
            self.protocol = Stc89Protocol(opts.port, opts.handshake, opts.baud)
        elif opts.protocol == "stc12a":
@ -61,26 +47,21 @@ class StcGal:
        elif opts.protocol == "stc15":
            self.protocol = Stc15Protocol(opts.port, opts.handshake, opts.baud,
                                          round(opts.trim * 1000))
        elif opts.protocol == "stc8":
            self.protocol = Stc8Protocol(opts.port, opts.handshake, opts.baud,
                                         round(opts.trim * 1000))
        elif opts.protocol == "usb15":
            self.protocol = StcUsb15Protocol()
        else:
-            self.protocol = StcAutoProtocol(opts.port, opts.handshake, opts.baud)
+            self.protocol = StcBaseProtocol(opts.port, opts.handshake, opts.baud)
        self.protocol.debug = opts.debug
    def emit_options(self, options):
-        """Set options from command line to protocol handler."""
+        for o in options:
        for opt in options:
            try:
-                kv = opt.split("=", 1)
+                kv = o.split("=", 1)
-                if len(kv) < 2:
+                if len(kv) < 2: raise ValueError("incorrect format")
                    raise ValueError("incorrect format")
                self.protocol.set_option(kv[0], kv[1])
-            except ValueError as ex:
+            except ValueError as e:
-                raise NameError("invalid option '%s' (%s)" % (kv[0], ex))
+                raise NameError("invalid option '%s' (%s)" % (kv[0], e))
    def load_file_auto(self, fileobj):
        """Load file with Intel Hex autodetection."""
@ -93,16 +74,14 @@ class StcGal:
                binary = hexfile.extract_data()
                print("%d bytes (Intel HEX)" %len(binary))
                return binary
-            except ValueError as ex:
+            except ValueError as e:
-                raise IOError("invalid Intel HEX file (%s)" %ex)
+                raise IOError("invalid Intel HEX file (%s)" %e)
        else:
            binary = fileobj.read()
            print("%d bytes (Binary)" %len(binary))
            return binary
    def program_mcu(self):
        """Execute the standard programming flow."""
        code_size = self.protocol.model.code
        ee_size = self.protocol.model.eeprom
@ -145,67 +124,67 @@ class StcGal:
        self.protocol.disconnect()
    def run(self):
        """Run programmer, main entry point."""
        try:
-            self.protocol.connect(autoreset=self.opts.autoreset, resetcmd=self.opts.resetcmd)
+            self.protocol.connect(autoreset=self.opts.autoreset)
-            if isinstance(self.protocol, StcAutoProtocol):
+
            if self.opts.protocol == "auto":
                if not self.protocol.protocol_name:
                    raise StcProtocolException("cannot detect protocol")
                base_protocol = self.protocol
                self.opts.protocol = self.protocol.protocol_name
                print("Protocol detected: %s" % self.opts.protocol)
                # recreate self.protocol with proper protocol class
-                self.initialize_protocol(self.opts)
+                self.__init__(self.opts)
            else:
                base_protocol = None
            self.protocol.initialize(base_protocol)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
            print("interrupted")
            return 2
-        except (StcFramingException, StcProtocolException) as ex:
+        except (StcFramingException, StcProtocolException) as e:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
-            print("Protocol error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Protocol error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            self.protocol.disconnect()
            return 1
-        except serial.SerialException as ex:
+        except serial.SerialException as e:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
-            print("Serial port error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Serial port error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            return 1
-        except IOError as ex:
+        except IOError as e:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
-            print("I/O error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("I/O error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            return 1
        try:
            if self.opts.code_image:
                self.program_mcu()
                return 0
-            self.protocol.disconnect()
+            else:
-            return 0
+                self.protocol.disconnect()
-        except NameError as ex:
+                return 0
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+        except NameError as e:
-            print("Option error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.stdout.flush();
            print("Option error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            self.protocol.disconnect()
            return 1
-        except (StcFramingException, StcProtocolException) as ex:
+        except (StcFramingException, StcProtocolException) as e:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
-            print("Protocol error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Protocol error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            self.protocol.disconnect()
            return 1
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
            print("interrupted", file=sys.stderr)
            self.protocol.disconnect()
            return 2
-        except serial.SerialException as ex:
+        except serial.SerialException as e:
-            print("Serial port error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Serial port error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            return 1
-        except IOError as ex:
+        except IOError as e:
-            sys.stdout.flush()
+            sys.stdout.flush();
-            print("I/O error: %s" % ex, file=sys.stderr)
+            print("I/O error: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            self.protocol.disconnect()
            return 1
@ -213,14 +192,11 @@ class StcGal:
 def cli():
    # check arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-                                     description="stcgal {} - an STC MCU ISP flash tool\n".format(stcgal.__version__) +
+                                     description="stcgal %s - an STC MCU ISP flash tool\n(C) 2014-2015 Grigori Goronzy\nhttps://github.com/grigorig/stcgal" %stcgal.__version__)
                                                 "(C) 2014-2017 Grigori Goronzy\nhttps://github.com/grigorig/stcgal")
    parser.add_argument("code_image", help="code segment file to flash (BIN/HEX)", type=argparse.FileType("rb"), nargs='?')
    parser.add_argument("eeprom_image", help="eeprom segment file to flash (BIN/HEX)", type=argparse.FileType("rb"), nargs='?')
    parser.add_argument("-a", "--autoreset", help="cycle power automatically by asserting DTR", action="store_true")
-    parser.add_argument("-r", "--resetcmd",  help="Use this shell command for board power-cycling (instead of DTR assertion)", action="store")
+    parser.add_argument("-P", "--protocol", help="protocol version (default: auto)", choices=["stc89", "stc12a", "stc12b", "stc12", "stc15a", "stc15", "usb15", "auto"], default="auto")
    parser.add_argument("-P", "--protocol", help="protocol version (default: auto)",
                        choices=["stc89", "stc12a", "stc12b", "stc12", "stc15a", "stc15", "stc8", "usb15", "auto"], default="auto")
    parser.add_argument("-p", "--port", help="serial port device", default="/dev/ttyUSB0")
    parser.add_argument("-b", "--baud", help="transfer baud rate (default: 19200)", type=BaudType(), default=19200)
    parser.add_argument("-l", "--handshake", help="handshake baud rate (default: 2400)", type=BaudType(), default=2400)
--- a/stcgal/ihex.py
+++ b/stcgal/ihex.py
@ -5,213 +5,201 @@
 import struct
 import codecs
 class IHex(object):
  @classmethod
  def read(cls, lines):
    ihex = cls()
-class IHex:
+    segbase = 0
-    """Intel HEX parser and writer"""
+    for line in lines:
      line = line.strip()
      if not line: continue
-    @classmethod
+      t, a, d = ihex.parse_line(line)
-    def read(cls, lines):
+      if t == 0x00:
-        """Read Intel HEX data from string or lines"""
+        ihex.insert_data(segbase + a, d)
        ihex = cls()
-        segbase = 0
+      elif t == 0x01:
-        for line in lines:
+        break # Should we check for garbage after this?
            line = line.strip()
            if not line:
                continue
-            t, a, d = ihex.parse_line(line)
+      elif t == 0x02:
-            if t == 0x00:
+        ihex.set_mode(16)
-                ihex.insert_data(segbase + a, d)
+        segbase = struct.unpack(">H", d[0:2])[0] << 4
-            elif t == 0x01:
+      elif t == 0x03:
-                break  # Should we check for garbage after this?
+        ihex.set_mode(16)
-            elif t == 0x02:
+        cs, ip = struct.unpack(">2H", d[0:2])
-                ihex.set_mode(16)
+        ihex.set_start((cs, ip))
                segbase = struct.unpack(">H", d[0:2])[0] << 4
-            elif t == 0x03:
+      elif t == 0x04:
-                ihex.set_mode(16)
+        ihex.set_mode(32)
        segbase = struct.unpack(">H", d[0:2])[0] << 16
-                cs, ip = struct.unpack(">2H", d[0:2])
+      elif t == 0x05:
-                ihex.set_start((cs, ip))
+        ihex.set_mode(32)
        ihex.set_start(struct.unpack(">I", d[0:4])[0])
-            elif t == 0x04:
+      else:
-                ihex.set_mode(32)
+        raise ValueError("Invalid type byte")
                segbase = struct.unpack(">H", d[0:2])[0] << 16
-            elif t == 0x05:
+    return ihex
                ihex.set_mode(32)
                ihex.set_start(struct.unpack(">I", d[0:4])[0])
-            else:
+  @classmethod
-                raise ValueError("Invalid type byte")
+  def read_file(cls, fname):
    f = open(fname, "rb")
    ihex = cls.read(f)
    f.close()
    return ihex
-        return ihex
+  def __init__(self):
    self.areas = {}
    self.start = None
    self.mode = 8
    self.row_bytes = 16
-    @classmethod
+  def set_row_bytes(self, row_bytes):
-    def read_file(cls, fname):
+      """Set output hex file row width (bytes represented per row)."""
-        """Read Intel HEX data from file"""
+      if row_bytes < 1 or row_bytes > 0xff:
-        f = open(fname, "rb")
+          raise ValueError("Value out of range: (%r)" % row_bytes)
-        ihex = cls.read(f)
+      self.row_bytes = row_bytes
-        f.close()
+  
-        return ihex
+  def extract_data(self, start=None, end=None):
    if start is None:
      start = 0
    if end is None:
      result = bytearray()
      for addr, data in self.areas.items():
        if addr >= start:
          if len(result) < (addr - start):
            result[len(result):addr-start] = bytes(addr-start-len(result))
          result[addr-start:addr-start+len(data)] = data
      return bytes(result)
    else:
      result = bytearray()
      for addr, data in self.areas.items():
        if addr >= start and addr < end:
          data = data[:end-addr]
          if len(result) < (addr - start):
            result[len(result):addr-start] = bytes(addr-start-len(result))
          result[addr-start:addr-start+len(data)] = data
      return bytes(result)
  def set_start(self, start=None):
    self.start = start
-    def __init__(self):
+  def set_mode(self, mode):
-        self.areas = {}
+    self.mode = mode
        self.start = None
        self.mode = 8
        self.row_bytes = 16
-    def set_row_bytes(self, row_bytes):
+  def get_area(self, addr):
-        """Set output hex file row width (bytes represented per row)."""
+    for start, data in self.areas.items():
-        if row_bytes < 1 or row_bytes > 0xff:
+      end = start + len(data)
-            raise ValueError("Value out of range: (%r)" % row_bytes)
+      if addr >= start and addr <= end:
-        self.row_bytes = row_bytes
+        return start
-    def extract_data(self, start=None, end=None):
+    return None
        """Extract binary data"""
        if start is None:
            start = 0
-        if end is None:
+  def insert_data(self, istart, idata):
-            result = bytearray()
+    iend = istart + len(idata)
-            for addr, data in self.areas.items():
+    area = self.get_area(istart)
-                if addr >= start:
+    if area is None:
-                    if len(result) < (addr - start):
+      self.areas[istart] = idata
                        result[len(result):addr - start] = bytes(
                            addr - start - len(result))
                    result[addr - start:addr - start + len(data)] = data
-            return bytes(result)
+    else:
      data = self.areas[area]
      # istart - iend + len(idata) + len(data)
      self.areas[area] = data[:istart-area] + idata + data[iend-area:]
-        result = bytearray()
+  def calc_checksum(self, bytes):
    total = sum(bytes)
    return (-total) & 0xFF
-        for addr, data in self.areas.items():
+  def parse_line(self, rawline):
-            if addr >= start and addr < end:
+    if rawline[0:1] != b":":
-                data = data[:end - addr]
+      raise ValueError("Invalid line start character (%r)" % rawline[0])
                if len(result) < (addr - start):
                    result[len(result):addr - start] = bytes(
                        addr - start - len(result))
                result[addr - start:addr - start + len(data)] = data
-        return bytes(result)
+    try:
      #line = rawline[1:].decode("hex")
      line = codecs.decode(rawline[1:], "hex_codec")
    except:
      raise ValueError("Invalid hex data")
-    def set_start(self, start=None):
+    length, addr, type = struct.unpack(">BHB", line[:4])
        self.start = start
-    def set_mode(self, mode):
+    dataend = length + 4
-        self.mode = mode
+    data = line[4:dataend]
-    def get_area(self, addr):
+    #~ print line[dataend:dataend + 2], repr(line)
-        for start, data in self.areas.items():
+    cs1 = line[dataend]
-            end = start + len(data)
+    cs2 = self.calc_checksum(line[:dataend])
            if addr >= start and addr <= end:
                return start
-        return None
+    if cs1 != cs2:
      raise ValueError("Checksums do not match")
-    def insert_data(self, istart, idata):
+    return (type, addr, data)
        iend = istart + len(idata)
-        area = self.get_area(istart)
+  def make_line(self, type, addr, data):
-        if area is None:
+    line = struct.pack(">BHB", len(data), addr, type)
-            self.areas[istart] = idata
+    line += data
    line += chr(self.calc_checksum(line))
    #~ return ":" + line.encode("hex")
    return ":" + line.encode("hex").upper() + "\r\n"
-        else:
+  def write(self):
-            data = self.areas[area]
+    output = ""
-            # istart - iend + len(idata) + len(data)
+    
-            self.areas[area] = data[
+    for start, data in sorted(self.areas.items()):
-                :istart - area] + idata + data[iend - area:]
+      i = 0
      segbase = 0
-    def calc_checksum(self, data):
+      while i < len(data):
-        total = sum(data)
+        chunk = data[i:i + self.row_bytes]
        return (-total) & 0xFF
-    def parse_line(self, rawline):
+        addr = start
-        if rawline[0:1] != b":":
+        newsegbase = segbase
            raise ValueError("Invalid line start character (%r)" % rawline[0])
-        try:
+        if self.mode == 8:
-            line = codecs.decode(rawline[1:], "hex_codec")
+          addr = addr & 0xFFFF
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError("Invalid hex data")
-        length, addr, line_type = struct.unpack(">BHB", line[:4])
+        elif self.mode == 16:
          t = addr & 0xFFFF
          newsegbase = (addr - t) >> 4
          addr = t
-        dataend = length + 4
+          if newsegbase != segbase:
-        data = line[4:dataend]
+            output += self.make_line(0x02, 0, struct.pack(">H", newsegbase))
            segbase = newsegbase
-        cs1 = line[dataend]
+        elif self.mode == 32:
-        cs2 = self.calc_checksum(line[:dataend])
+          newsegbase = addr >> 16
          addr = addr & 0xFFFF
-        if cs1 != cs2:
+          if newsegbase != segbase:
-            raise ValueError("Checksums do not match")
+            output += self.make_line(0x04, 0, struct.pack(">H", newsegbase))
            segbase = newsegbase
-        return (line_type, addr, data)
+        output += self.make_line(0x00, addr, chunk)
-    def make_line(self, line_type, addr, data):
+        i += self.row_bytes
-        line = struct.pack(">BHB", len(data), addr, line_type)
+        start += self.row_bytes
        line += data
        line += chr(self.calc_checksum(line))
        return ":" + line.encode("hex").upper() + "\r\n"
-    def write(self):
+    if self.start is not None:
-        """Write Intel HEX data to string"""
+      if self.mode == 16:
-        output = ""
+        output += self.make_line(0x03, 0, struct.pack(">2H", self.start[0], self.start[1]))
      elif self.mode == 32:
        output += self.make_line(0x05, 0, struct.pack(">I", self.start))
-        for start, data in sorted(self.areas.items()):
+    output += self.make_line(0x01, 0, "")
-            i = 0
+    return output
            segbase = 0
-            while i < len(data):
+  def write_file(self, fname):
-                chunk = data[i:i + self.row_bytes]
+    f = open(fname, "w")
-
+    f.write(self.write())
-                addr = start
+    f.close()
                newsegbase = segbase
                if self.mode == 8:
                    addr = addr & 0xFFFF
                elif self.mode == 16:
                    t = addr & 0xFFFF
                    newsegbase = (addr - t) >> 4
                    addr = t
                    if newsegbase != segbase:
                        output += self.make_line(
                            0x02, 0, struct.pack(">H", newsegbase))
                        segbase = newsegbase
                elif self.mode == 32:
                    newsegbase = addr >> 16
                    addr = addr & 0xFFFF
                    if newsegbase != segbase:
                        output += self.make_line(
                            0x04, 0, struct.pack(">H", newsegbase))
                        segbase = newsegbase
                output += self.make_line(0x00, addr, chunk)
                i += self.row_bytes
                start += self.row_bytes
        if self.start is not None:
            if self.mode == 16:
                output += self.make_line(
                    0x03, 0, struct.pack(">2H", self.start[0], self.start[1]))
            elif self.mode == 32:
                output += self.make_line(
                    0x05, 0, struct.pack(">I", self.start))
        output += self.make_line(0x01, 0, "")
        return output
    def write_file(self, fname):
        """Write Intel HEX data to file"""
        f = open(fname, "w")
        f.write(self.write())
        f.close()
--- a/stcgal/models.py
+++ b/stcgal/models.py
@ -973,46 +973,6 @@ class MCUModelDatabase:
        MCUModel(name='STC90LE513AD', magic=0xf18d, total=65536, code=53248, eeprom=10240),
        MCUModel(name='STC90LE514AD', magic=0xf18e, total=65536, code=57344, eeprom=6144),
        MCUModel(name='STC90LE516AD', magic=0xf190, total=65536, code=63488, eeprom=0),
        # Warning, these definitions lack a valid eeprom size.
        MCUModel(name='STC15F04AD', magic=0xd444, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F06AD', magic=0xd446, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F08AD', magic=0xd448, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F10AD', magic=0xd44a, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F12AD', magic=0xd44c, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F04CCP', magic=0xd434, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F06CCP', magic=0xd436, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F08CCP', magic=0xd438, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F10CCP', magic=0xd43a, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F12CCP', magic=0xd43c, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F04', magic=0xd404, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F06', magic=0xd406, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F08', magic=0xd408, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F10', magic=0xd40a, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15F12', magic=0xd40c, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15F08AD', magic=0xd458, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15F10AD', magic=0xd45a, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15F12AD', magic=0xd45c, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15F14AD', magic=0xd45e, total=14336, code=14336, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L04AD', magic=0xd4c4, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L06AD', magic=0xd4c6, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L08AD', magic=0xd4c8, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L10AD', magic=0xd4ca, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L12AD', magic=0xd4cc, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L04CCP', magic=0xd4b4, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L06CCP', magic=0xd4b6, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L08CCP', magic=0xd4b8, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L10CCP', magic=0xd4ba, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L12CCP', magic=0xd4bc, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L04', magic=0xd484, total=4096, code=4096, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L06', magic=0xd486, total=6144, code=6144, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L08', magic=0xd488, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L10', magic=0xd48a, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='STC15L12', magic=0xd48c, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15L08AD', magic=0xd4d8, total=8192, code=8192, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15L10AD', magic=0xd4da, total=10240, code=10240, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15L12AD', magic=0xd4dc, total=12288, code=12288, eeprom=0),
        MCUModel(name='IAP15L14AD', magic=0xd4de, total=14336, code=14336, eeprom=0),
    )
    @classmethod
@ -1028,3 +988,6 @@ class MCUModelDatabase:
        print("  Magic: %02X%02X" % (model.magic >> 8, model.magic & 0xff))
        print("  Code flash: %.1f KB" % (model.code / 1024.0))
        print("  EEPROM flash: %.1f KB" % (model.eeprom / 1024.0))
--- a/stcgal/options.py
+++ b/stcgal/options.py
@ -21,24 +21,15 @@
 #
 import struct
 from abc import ABC
 from stcgal.utils import Utils
-class BaseOption(ABC):
+class BaseOption:
    """Base class for options"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.options = ()
        self.msr = None
    def print(self):
        """Print current configuration to standard output"""
        print("Target options:")
        for name, get_func, _ in self.options:
            print("  %s=%s" % (name, get_func()))
    def set_option(self, name, value):
        """Set value of a specific option"""
        for opt, _, set_func in self.options:
            if opt == name:
                print("Option %s=%s" % (name, value))
@ -47,14 +38,12 @@ class BaseOption(ABC):
        raise ValueError("unknown")
    def get_option(self, name):
        """Get option value for a specific option"""
        for opt, get_func, _ in self.options:
            if opt == name:
                return get_func(name)
        raise ValueError("unknown")
    def get_msr(self):
        """Get array of model-specific configuration registers"""
        return bytes(self.msr)
@ -62,7 +51,6 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
    """Manipulation STC89 series option byte"""
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        self.msr = msr
        self.options = (
            ("cpu_6t_enabled", self.get_t6, self.set_t6),
@ -81,7 +69,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr & 1)
    def set_t6(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0xfe
        self.msr |= 0x01 if not bool(val) else 0x00
@ -89,7 +77,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr & 4)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0xfb
        self.msr |= 0x04 if not bool(val) else 0x00
@ -97,7 +85,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr & 8)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0xf7
        self.msr |= 0x08 if not bool(val) else 0x00
@ -116,7 +104,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr & 32)
    def set_ale(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0xdf
        self.msr |= 0x20 if bool(val) else 0x00
@ -124,7 +112,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr & 64)
    def set_xram(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0xbf
        self.msr |= 0x40 if bool(val) else 0x00
@ -132,7 +120,7 @@ class Stc89Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr & 128)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr &= 0x7f
        self.msr |= 0x80 if not bool(val) else 0x00
@ -141,7 +129,6 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
    """Manipulate STC12A series option bytes"""
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        assert len(msr) == 4
        self.msr = bytearray(msr)
@ -163,7 +150,7 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
    def set_low_voltage_detect(self, val):
        lvds = {"low": 1, "high": 0}
        if val not in lvds.keys():
-            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(lvds.keys()))
+            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(sources.keys()))
        self.msr[3] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[3] |= lvds[val] << 6
@ -182,7 +169,7 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[1] & 32)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[1] |= 0x20 if not val else 0x00
@ -190,7 +177,7 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[1] & 8)
    def set_watchdog_idle(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[1] |= 0x08 if not val else 0x00
@ -209,7 +196,7 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 2)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[2] |= 0x02 if not val else 0x00
@ -217,7 +204,7 @@ class Stc12AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 1)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[2] |= 0x01 if not val else 0x00
@ -226,7 +213,6 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
    """Manipulate STC10/11/12 series option bytes"""
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        assert len(msr) == 4
        self.msr = bytearray(msr)
@ -249,7 +235,7 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[0] & 1)
    def set_reset_pin_enabled(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[0] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[0] |= 0x01 if bool(val) else 0x00
@ -257,7 +243,7 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[0] & 64)
    def set_low_voltage_detect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[0] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[0] |= 0x40 if not val else 0x00
@ -309,7 +295,7 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 32)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[2] |= 0x20 if not val else 0x00
@ -317,7 +303,7 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 8)
    def set_watchdog_idle(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[2] |= 0x08 if not val else 0x00
@ -336,7 +322,7 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[3] & 2)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[3] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[3] |= 0x02 if not val else 0x00
@ -344,14 +330,13 @@ class Stc12Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[3] & 1)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[3] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[3] |= 0x01 if not val else 0x00
 class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        assert len(msr) == 13
        self.msr = bytearray(msr)
@ -374,7 +359,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[0] & 16)
    def set_reset_pin_enabled(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[0] &= 0xef
        self.msr[0] |= 0x10 if bool(val) else 0x00
@ -382,7 +367,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 32)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[2] |= 0x20 if not val else 0x00
@ -390,7 +375,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 8)
    def set_watchdog_idle(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[2] |= 0x08 if not val else 0x00
@ -409,7 +394,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 64)
    def set_lvrs(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[1] |= 0x40 if val else 0x00
@ -417,7 +402,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 128)
    def set_eeprom_lvd(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0x7f
        self.msr[1] |= 0x80 if val else 0x00
@ -435,7 +420,7 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[12] & 2)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[12] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[12] |= 0x02 if not val else 0x00
@ -443,14 +428,13 @@ class Stc15AOption(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[12] & 1)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[12] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[12] |= 0x01 if not val else 0x00
 class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        assert len(msr) >= 4
        self.msr = bytearray(msr)
@ -473,13 +457,13 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        )
        if len(msr) > 4:
-            self.options += (("cpu_core_voltage", self.get_core_voltage, self.set_core_voltage),)
+            self.options += ("cpu_core_voltage", self.get_core_voltage, self.set_core_voltage),
    def get_reset_pin_enabled(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 16)
    def set_reset_pin_enabled(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[2] &= 0xef
        self.msr[2] |= 0x10 if not bool(val) else 0x00
@ -509,7 +493,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[0] & 32)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[0] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[0] |= 0x20 if not val else 0x00
@ -517,7 +501,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[0] & 8)
    def set_watchdog_idle(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[0] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[0] |= 0x08 if not val else 0x00
@ -536,7 +520,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[1] & 64)
    def set_lvrs(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[1] |= 0x40 if not val else 0x00
@ -544,7 +528,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 128)
    def set_eeprom_lvd(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[1] &= 0x7f
        self.msr[1] |= 0x80 if val else 0x00
@ -562,7 +546,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return bool(self.msr[3] & 2)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[3] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[3] |= 0x02 if val else 0x00
@ -570,7 +554,7 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        return not bool(self.msr[3] & 1)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
-        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
+        val = Utils.to_bool(val);
        self.msr[3] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[3] |= 0x01 if not val else 0x00
@ -615,177 +599,10 @@ class Stc15Option(BaseOption):
        if self.msr[4] == 0xea: return "low"
        elif self.msr[4] == 0xf7: return "mid"
        elif self.msr[4] == 0xfd: return "high"
-        return "unknown"
+        else: return "unknown"
    def set_core_voltage(self, val):
        volt_vals = {"low": 0xea, "mid": 0xf7, "high": 0xfd}
        if val not in volt_vals.keys():
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(volt_vals.keys()))
        self.msr[4] = volt_vals[val]
 class Stc8Option(BaseOption):
    def __init__(self, msr):
        super().__init__()
        assert len(msr) >= 5
        self.msr = bytearray(msr)
        self.options = (
            ("reset_pin_enabled", self.get_reset_pin_enabled, self.set_reset_pin_enabled),
            ("clock_gain", self.get_clock_gain, self.set_clock_gain),
            ("watchdog_por_enabled", self.get_watchdog, self.set_watchdog),
            ("watchdog_stop_idle", self.get_watchdog_idle, self.set_watchdog_idle),
            ("watchdog_prescale", self.get_watchdog_prescale, self.set_watchdog_prescale),
            ("low_voltage_reset", self.get_lvrs, self.set_lvrs),
            ("low_voltage_threshold", self.get_low_voltage, self.set_low_voltage),
            ("eeprom_erase_enabled", self.get_ee_erase, self.set_ee_erase),
            ("bsl_pindetect_enabled", self.get_pindetect, self.set_pindetect),
            ("por_reset_delay", self.get_por_delay, self.set_por_delay),
            ("rstout_por_state", self.get_p20_state, self.set_p20_state),
            ("uart1_remap", self.get_uart1_remap, self.set_uart1_remap),
            ("uart2_passthrough", self.get_uart_passthrough, self.set_uart_passthrough),
            ("uart2_pin_mode", self.get_uart_pin_mode, self.set_uart_pin_mode),
            ("epwm_open_drain", self.get_epwm_pp, self.set_epwm_pp),
            ("program_eeprom_split", self.get_flash_split, self.set_flash_split),
        )
    def get_reset_pin_enabled(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 16)
    def set_reset_pin_enabled(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[2] &= 0xef
        self.msr[2] |= 0x10 if not bool(val) else 0x00
    def get_clock_gain(self):
        gain = bool(self.msr[1] & 0x02)
        return "high" if gain else "low"
    def set_clock_gain(self, val):
        gains = {"low": 0, "high": 1}
        if val not in gains.keys():
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(gains.keys()))
        self.msr[1] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[1] |= gains[val] << 1
    def get_watchdog(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[3] & 32)
    def set_watchdog(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[3] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[3] |= 0x20 if not val else 0x00
    def get_watchdog_idle(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[3] & 8)
    def set_watchdog_idle(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[3] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[3] |= 0x08 if not val else 0x00
    def get_watchdog_prescale(self):
        return 2 ** (((self.msr[3]) & 0x07) + 1)
    def set_watchdog_prescale(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_int(val)
        wd_vals = {2: 0, 4: 1, 8: 2, 16: 3, 32: 4, 64: 5, 128: 6, 256: 7}
        if val not in wd_vals.keys():
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(wd_vals.keys()))
        self.msr[3] &= 0xf8
        self.msr[3] |= wd_vals[val]
    def get_lvrs(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[2] & 64)
    def set_lvrs(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[2] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[2] |= 0x40 if not val else 0x00
    def get_low_voltage(self):
        return 3 - self.msr[2] & 0x03
    def set_low_voltage(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_int(val)
        if val not in range(0, 4):
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(range(0, 4)))
        self.msr[2] &= 0xfc
        self.msr[2] |= 3 - val
    def get_ee_erase(self):
        return bool(self.msr[0] & 2)
    def set_ee_erase(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[0] &= 0xfd
        self.msr[0] |= 0x02 if val else 0x00
    def get_pindetect(self):
        return not bool(self.msr[0] & 1)
    def set_pindetect(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[0] &= 0xfe
        self.msr[0] |= 0x01 if not val else 0x00
    def get_por_delay(self):
        delay = bool(self.msr[1] & 128)
        return "long" if delay else "short"
    def set_por_delay(self, val):
        delays = {"short": 0, "long": 1}
        if val not in delays.keys():
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(delays.keys()))
        self.msr[1] &= 0x7f
        self.msr[1] |= delays[val] << 7
    def get_p20_state(self):
        return "high" if self.msr[1] & 0x08 else "low"
    def set_p20_state(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[1] &= 0xf7
        self.msr[1] |= 0x08 if val else 0x00
    def get_uart_passthrough(self):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 0x10)
    def set_uart_passthrough(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[1] &= 0xef
        self.msr[1] |= 0x10 if val else 0x00
    def get_uart_pin_mode(self):
        return "push-pull" if bool(self.msr[1] & 0x20) else "normal"
    def set_uart_pin_mode(self, val):
        modes = {"normal": 0, "push-pull": 1}
        if val not in modes.keys():
            raise ValueError("must be one of %s" % list(modes.keys()))
        self.msr[1] &= 0xdf
        self.msr[1] |= 0x20 if modes[val] else 0x00
    def get_epwm_pp(self):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 0x04)
    def set_epwm_pp(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[1] &= 0xfb
        self.msr[1] |= 0x04 if val else 0x00
    def get_uart1_remap(self):
        return bool(self.msr[1] & 0x40)
    def set_uart1_remap(self, val):
        val = Utils.to_bool(val)
        self.msr[1] &= 0xbf
        self.msr[1] |= 0x40 if val else 0x00
    def get_flash_split(self):
        return self.msr[4] * 256
    def set_flash_split(self, val):
        num_val = Utils.to_int(val)
        if num_val < 512 or num_val > 65024 or (num_val % 512) != 0:
            raise ValueError("must be between 512 and 65024 bytes and a multiple of 512 bytes")
        self.msr[4] = num_val // 256
--- a/stcgal/protocols.py
+++ b/stcgal/protocols.py
@ -21,28 +21,16 @@
 #
 import serial
-import sys
+import sys, os, time, struct, re, errno
-import os
+import argparse
-import time
+import collections
 import struct
 import re
 import errno
 from stcgal.models import MCUModelDatabase
 from stcgal.utils import Utils
-from stcgal.options import Stc89Option
+from stcgal.options import *
 from stcgal.options import Stc12Option
 from stcgal.options import Stc12AOption
 from stcgal.options import Stc15Option
 from stcgal.options import Stc15AOption
 from stcgal.options import Stc8Option
 from abc import ABC
 from abc import abstractmethod
 import functools
 import tqdm
 try:
-    import usb.core
+    import usb.core, usb.util
    import usb.util
    _usb_available = True
 except ImportError:
    _usb_available = False
@ -58,23 +46,22 @@ class StcProtocolException(Exception):
    pass
-class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
+class StcBaseProtocol:
    """Basic functionality for STC BSL protocols"""
    PACKET_START = bytes([0x46, 0xb9])
    """magic word that starts a packet"""
    PACKET_START = bytes([0x46, 0xb9])
    PACKET_END = bytes([0x16])
    """magic byte that ends a packet"""
    PACKET_END = bytes([0x16])
    PACKET_MCU = bytes([0x68])
    """magic byte for packets received from MCU"""
    PACKET_MCU = bytes([0x68])
    PACKET_HOST = bytes([0x6a])
    """magic byte for packets sent by host"""
    PACKET_HOST = bytes([0x6a])
    PARITY = serial.PARITY_NONE
    """parity configuration for serial communication"""
    def __init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer):
        self.port = port
@ -90,22 +77,6 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        self.debug = False
        self.status_packet = None
        self.protocol_name = None
        self.progress = None
        self.progress_cb = self.progress_bar_cb
    def progress_text_cb(self, current, written, maximum):
        print(current, written, maximum)
    def progress_bar_cb(self, current, written, maximum):
        if not self.progress:
            self.progress = tqdm.tqdm(
                total = maximum,
                unit = " Bytes",
                desc = "Writing flash"
                )
        self.progress.update(written)
        if current == maximum:
            self.progress.close()
    def dump_packet(self, data, receive=True):
        if self.debug:
@ -132,10 +103,6 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        return packet[5:-1]
    @abstractmethod
    def write_packet(self, packet_data):
        pass
    def read_packet(self):
        """Read and check packet from MCU.
@ -175,7 +142,7 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        packet += self.read_bytes_safe(packet_len - 3)
        # verify checksum and extract payload
-        payload = self.extract_payload(packet)
+        payload = self.extract_payload(packet);
        self.dump_packet(packet, receive=True)
@ -225,6 +192,20 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
            mcu_name += "E" if self.status_packet[17] < 0x70 else "W"
            self.model = self.model._replace(name = mcu_name)
        protocol_database = [("stc89", "STC(89|90)(C|LE)\d"),
                             ("stc12a", "STC12(C|LE)\d052"),
                             ("stc12b", "STC12(C|LE)(52|56)"),
                             ("stc12", "(STC|IAP)(10|11|12)\D"),
                             ("stc15a", "(STC|IAP)15[FL][01]0\d(E|EA|)$"),
                             ("stc15", "(STC|IAP|IRC)15\D")]
        for protocol_name, pattern in protocol_database:
            if re.match(pattern, self.model.name):
                self.protocol_name = protocol_name
                break
        else:
            self.protocol_name = None
    def get_status_packet(self):
        """Read and decode status packet"""
@ -260,22 +241,7 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
    def set_option(self, name, value):
        self.options.set_option(name, value)
-    def reset_device(self, resetcmd=False):
+    def connect(self, autoreset=False):
        if not resetcmd:
            print("Cycling power: ", end="")
            sys.stdout.flush()
            self.ser.setDTR(True)
            time.sleep(0.5)
            self.ser.setDTR(False)
            print("done")
        else:
            print("Cycling power via shell cmd: " + resetcmd)
            os.system(resetcmd)
        print("Waiting for MCU: ", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
    def connect(self, autoreset=False, resetcmd=False):
        """Connect to MCU and initialize communication.
        Set up serial port, send sync sequence and get part info.
@ -294,7 +260,14 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        self.ser.flushInput()
        if autoreset:
-            self.reset_device(resetcmd)
+            print("Cycling power: ", end="")
            sys.stdout.flush()
            self.ser.setDTR(True)
            time.sleep(0.5)
            self.ser.setDTR(False)
            print("done")
            print("Waiting for MCU: ", end="")
            sys.stdout.flush()
        else:
            print("Waiting for MCU, please cycle power: ", end="")
            sys.stdout.flush()
@ -306,8 +279,6 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
            try:
                self.pulse()
                self.status_packet = self.get_status_packet()
                if len(self.status_packet) < 23:
                    raise StcProtocolException("status packet too short")
            except (StcFramingException, serial.SerialTimeoutException): pass
        print("done")
@ -317,21 +288,7 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        self.initialize_model()
-    @abstractmethod
+    def initialize(self, base_protocol = None):
    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize internal state from status packet"""
        pass
    @abstractmethod
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options from status packet"""
        pass
    def initialize(self, base_protocol=None):
        """
        Initialize from another instance. This is an alternative for calling
        connect() and is used by protocol autodetection.
        """
        if base_protocol:
            self.ser = base_protocol.ser
            self.ser.parity = self.PARITY
@ -359,48 +316,14 @@ class StcBaseProtocol(ABC):
        print("Disconnected!")
 class StcAutoProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
    """
    Protocol handler for autodetection of protocols. Does not implement full
    functionality for any device class.
    """
    def initialize_model(self):
        super().initialize_model()
        protocol_database = [("stc89", r"STC(89|90)(C|LE)\d"),
                             ("stc12a", r"STC12(C|LE)\d052"),
                             ("stc12b", r"STC12(C|LE)(52|56)"),
                             ("stc12", r"(STC|IAP)(10|11|12)\D"),
                             ("stc15a", r"(STC|IAP)15[FL][012]0\d(E|EA|)$"),
                             ("stc15", r"(STC|IAP|IRC)15\D"),
                             ("stc8", r"(STC|IAP|IRC)8")]
        for protocol_name, pattern in protocol_database:
            if re.match(pattern, self.model.name):
                self.protocol_name = protocol_name
                break
        else:
            self.protocol_name = None
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        raise NotImplementedError
    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
        raise NotImplementedError
    def write_packet(self, packet_data):
        raise NotImplementedError
 class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
    """Protocol handler for STC 89/90 series"""
    """These don't use any parity"""
    PARITY = serial.PARITY_NONE
    """Parity configuration - these don't use any parity"""
    PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE = 128
    """block size for programming flash"""
    PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE = 128
    def __init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer):
        StcBaseProtocol.__init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer)
@ -419,7 +342,7 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        payload = StcBaseProtocol.extract_payload(self, packet)
        return payload[:-1]
-    def write_packet(self, packet_data):
+    def write_packet(self, data):
        """Send packet to MCU.
        Constructs a packet with supplied payload and sends it to the MCU.
@ -431,8 +354,8 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        packet += self.PACKET_HOST
        # packet length and payload
-        packet += struct.pack(">H", len(packet_data) + 5)
+        packet += struct.pack(">H", len(data) + 5)
-        packet += packet_data
+        packet += data
        # checksum and end code
        packet += bytes([sum(packet[2:]) & 0xff])
@ -453,9 +376,6 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 20:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        self.options = Stc89Option(status_packet[19])
        self.options.print()
@ -488,21 +408,21 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        return brt, brt_csum, iap_wait, delay
-    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
+    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
-        self.cpu_6t = not bool(status_packet[19] & 1)
+        self.cpu_6t = not bool(packet[19] & 1)
        cpu_t = 6.0 if self.cpu_6t else 12.0
        freq_counter = 0
        for i in range(8):
-            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
+            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
        freq_counter /= 8.0
        self.mcu_clock_hz = (self.baud_handshake * freq_counter * cpu_t) / 7.0
-        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", status_packet[17:19])
+        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
-                                            chr(bl_stepping))
+                                           chr(bl_stepping))
    def handshake(self):
        """Switch to transfer baudrate
@ -545,7 +465,7 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        sys.stdout.flush()
        packet = bytes([0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x01])
        packet += struct.pack(">H", self.mcu_magic)
-        for _ in range(4):
+        for i in range(4):
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
            if response[0] != 0x80:
@ -553,7 +473,7 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        print("done")
-    def erase_flash(self, erase_size, _):
+    def erase_flash(self, erase_size, flash_size):
        """Erase the MCU's flash memory.
        Erase the flash memory with a block-erase command.
@ -577,6 +497,8 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        as the block size (depends on MCU's RAM size).
        """
        print("Writing %d bytes: " % len(data), end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for i in range(0, len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE):
            packet = bytes(3)
            packet += struct.pack(">H", i)
@ -586,12 +508,13 @@ class Stc89Protocol(StcBaseProtocol):
            csum = sum(packet[7:]) & 0xff
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
-            if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x80:
+            if response[0] != 0x80:
                raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in write packet")
-            elif len(response) < 2 or response[1] != csum:
+            elif response[1] != csum:
                raise StcProtocolException("verification checksum mismatch")
-            self.progress_cb(i, self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            print(".", end="")
-        self.progress_cb(len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            sys.stdout.flush()
        print(" done")
    def program_options(self):
        """Program option byte into flash"""
@ -645,18 +568,18 @@ class Stc12AProtocol(Stc12AOptionsMixIn, Stc89Protocol):
    def __init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer):
        Stc89Protocol.__init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer)
-    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
+    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
        freq_counter = 0
        for i in range(8):
-            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
+            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
        freq_counter /= 8.0
        self.mcu_clock_hz = (self.baud_handshake * freq_counter * 12.0) / 7.0
-        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", status_packet[17:19])
+        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
-                                            chr(bl_stepping))
+                                           chr(bl_stepping))
        self.bsl_version = bl_version
@ -689,9 +612,6 @@ class Stc12AProtocol(Stc12AOptionsMixIn, Stc89Protocol):
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 31:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        # create option state
        self.options = Stc12AOption(status_packet[23:26] + status_packet[29:30])
        self.options.print()
@ -733,7 +653,7 @@ class Stc12AProtocol(Stc12AOptionsMixIn, Stc89Protocol):
        sys.stdout.flush()
        packet = bytes([0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x01])
        packet += struct.pack(">H", self.mcu_magic)
-        for _ in range(4):
+        for i in range(4):
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
            if response[0] != 0x80:
@ -790,14 +710,14 @@ class Stc12OptionsMixIn:
 class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
    """Base class for STC 10/11/12 series protocol handlers"""
    PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE = 128
    """block size for programming flash"""
    PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE = 128
    ERASE_COUNTDOWN = 0x0d
    """countdown value for flash erase"""
    ERASE_COUNTDOWN = 0x0d
    PARITY = serial.PARITY_EVEN
    """Parity for error correction was introduced with STC12"""
    PARITY = serial.PARITY_EVEN
    def __init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer):
        StcBaseProtocol.__init__(self, port, baud_handshake, baud_transfer)
@ -814,7 +734,7 @@ class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        payload = StcBaseProtocol.extract_payload(self, packet)
        return payload[:-2]
-    def write_packet(self, packet_data):
+    def write_packet(self, data):
        """Send packet to MCU.
        Constructs a packet with supplied payload and sends it to the MCU.
@ -826,8 +746,8 @@ class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        packet += self.PACKET_HOST
        # packet length and payload
-        packet += struct.pack(">H", len(packet_data) + 6)
+        packet += struct.pack(">H", len(data) + 6)
-        packet += packet_data
+        packet += data
        # checksum and end code
        packet += struct.pack(">H", sum(packet[2:]) & 0xffff)
@ -837,18 +757,18 @@ class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        self.ser.write(packet)
        self.ser.flush()
-    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
+    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
        freq_counter = 0
        for i in range(8):
-            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
+            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
        freq_counter /= 8.0
        self.mcu_clock_hz = (self.baud_handshake * freq_counter * 12.0) / 7.0
-        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", status_packet[17:19])
+        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
-                                            chr(bl_stepping))
+                                           chr(bl_stepping))
        self.bsl_version = bl_version
@ -881,9 +801,6 @@ class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 29:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        # create option state
        self.options = Stc12Option(status_packet[23:26] + status_packet[27:28])
        self.options.print()
@ -961,18 +878,22 @@ class Stc12BaseProtocol(StcBaseProtocol):
        as the block size (depends on MCU's RAM size).
        """
        print("Writing %d bytes: " % len(data), end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for i in range(0, len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE):
            packet = bytes(3)
            packet += struct.pack(">H", i)
            packet += struct.pack(">H", self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE)
            packet += data[i:i+self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE]
            while len(packet) < self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE + 7: packet += b"\x00"
            csum = sum(packet[7:]) & 0xff
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
            if response[0] != 0x00:
                raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in write packet")
-            self.progress_cb(i, self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            print(".", end="")
-        self.progress_cb(len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            sys.stdout.flush()
        print(" done")
        print("Finishing write: ", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
@ -1015,9 +936,6 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 37:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        # create option state
        self.options = Stc15AOption(status_packet[23:36])
        self.options.print()
@ -1036,20 +954,20 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in status packet")
        return status_packet
-    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
+    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
        freq_counter = 0
        for i in range(4):
-            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
+            freq_counter += struct.unpack(">H", packet[1+2*i:3+2*i])[0]
        freq_counter /= 4.0
        self.mcu_clock_hz = (self.baud_handshake * freq_counter * 12.0) / 7.0
-        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", status_packet[17:19])
+        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
-                                            chr(bl_stepping))
+                                           chr(bl_stepping))
-        self.trim_data = status_packet[51:58]
+        self.trim_data = packet[51:58]
        self.freq_counter = freq_counter
    def get_trim_sequence(self, frequency):
@ -1101,8 +1019,7 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
        """
        user_speed = self.trim_frequency
-        if user_speed <= 0:
+        if user_speed <= 0: user_speed = self.mcu_clock_hz
            user_speed = self.mcu_clock_hz
        program_speed = 22118400
        user_count = int(self.freq_counter * (user_speed / self.mcu_clock_hz))
@ -1130,19 +1047,15 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 36 or response[0] != 0x65:
+        if response[0] != 0x65:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # determine programming speed trim value
        target_trim_a, target_count_a = struct.unpack(">HH", response[28:32])
        target_trim_b, target_count_b = struct.unpack(">HH", response[32:36])
        if target_count_a == target_count_b:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
        m = (target_trim_b - target_trim_a) / (target_count_b - target_count_a)
        n = target_trim_a - m * target_count_a
        program_trim = round(m * program_count + n)
        if program_trim > 65535 or program_trim < 0:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
        # determine trim trials for second round
        trim_a, count_a = struct.unpack(">HH", response[12:16])
@ -1161,14 +1074,10 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
            target_count_a = count_a
            target_count_b = count_b
        # linear interpolate to find range to try next
        if target_count_a == target_count_b:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
        m = (target_trim_b - target_trim_a) / (target_count_b - target_count_a)
        n = target_trim_a - m * target_count_a
        target_trim = round(m * user_count + n)
        target_trim_start = min(max(target_trim - 5, target_trim_a), target_trim_b)
        if target_trim_start + 11 > 65535 or target_trim_start < 0:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
        # trim challenge-response, second round
        packet = bytes([0x65])
@ -1180,7 +1089,7 @@ class Stc15AProtocol(Stc12Protocol):
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 56 or response[0] != 0x65:
+        if response[0] != 0x65:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # determine best trim value
@ -1239,40 +1148,37 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 14:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        # create option state
        # XXX: check how option bytes are concatenated here
        self.options = Stc15Option(status_packet[5:8] + status_packet[12:13] + status_packet[37:38])
        self.options.print()
-    def initialize_status(self, status_packet):
+    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
        # check bit that control internal vs. external clock source
        # get frequency either stored from calibration or from
        # frequency counter
-        self.external_clock = (status_packet[7] & 0x01) == 0
+        self.external_clock = (packet[7] & 0x01) == 0
        if self.external_clock:
-            count, = struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[13:15])
+            count, = struct.unpack(">H", packet[13:15])
            self.mcu_clock_hz = self.baud_handshake * count
        else:
-            self.mcu_clock_hz, = struct.unpack(">I", status_packet[8:12])
+            self.mcu_clock_hz, = struct.unpack(">I", packet[8:12])
            # all ones means no calibration
            # new chips are shipped without any calibration
            if self.mcu_clock_hz == 0xffffffff: self.mcu_clock_hz = 0
        # pre-calibrated trim adjust for 24 MHz, range 0x40
-        self.freq_count_24 = status_packet[4]
+        self.freq_count_24 = packet[4]
        # wakeup timer factory value
-        self.wakeup_freq, = struct.unpack(">H", status_packet[1:3])
+        self.wakeup_freq, = struct.unpack(">H", packet[1:3])
-        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", status_packet[17:19])
+        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
-        bl_minor = status_packet[22] & 0x0f
+        bl_minor = packet[22] & 0x0f
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
-                                               bl_minor, chr(bl_stepping))
+                                           bl_minor,
                                           chr(bl_stepping))
        self.bsl_version = bl_version
    def print_mcu_info(self):
@ -1288,8 +1194,6 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        calib_data = response[2:]
        challenge_data = packet[2:]
        calib_len = response[1]
        if len(calib_data) < 2 * calib_len:
            raise StcProtocolException("range calibration data missing")
        for i in range(calib_len - 1):
            count_a, count_b = struct.unpack(">HH", calib_data[2*i:2*i+4])
@ -1299,8 +1203,6 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
                m = (trim_b - trim_a) / (count_b - count_a)
                n = trim_a - m * count_a
                target_trim = round(m * target_count + n)
                if target_trim > 65536 or target_trim < 0:
                    raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
                return (target_trim, trim_range)
        return None
@ -1312,8 +1214,6 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        calib_data = response[2:]
        challenge_data = packet[2:]
        calib_len = response[1]
        if len(calib_data) < 2 * calib_len:
            raise StcProtocolException("trim calibration data missing")
        best = None
        best_count = sys.maxsize
@ -1324,9 +1224,6 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
                best_count = abs(count - target_count)
                best = (trim_adj, trim_range), count
        if not best:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming failed")
        return best
    def calibrate(self):
@ -1356,13 +1253,13 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(b"\xfe", timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x00:
+        if response[0] != 0x00:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # select ranges and trim values
        user_trim = self.choose_range(packet, response, target_user_count)
        prog_trim = self.choose_range(packet, response, target_prog_count)
-        if user_trim is None or prog_trim is None:
+        if user_trim == None or prog_trim == None:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming unsuccessful")
        # calibration, round 2
@ -1375,12 +1272,12 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(b"\xfe", timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x00:
+        if response[0] != 0x00:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # select final values
        user_trim, user_count = self.choose_trim(packet, response, target_user_count)
-        prog_trim, _ = self.choose_trim(packet, response, target_prog_count)
+        prog_trim, prog_count = self.choose_trim(packet, response, target_prog_count)
        self.trim_value = user_trim
        self.trim_frequency = round(user_count * (self.baud_handshake / 2))
        print("%.03f MHz" % (self.trim_frequency / 1E6))
@ -1396,12 +1293,12 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        # This is a bit of a hack, but it works.
        bauds = self.baud_transfer if (self.mcu_magic >> 8) == 0xf2 else self.baud_transfer * 4
        packet += struct.pack(">H", int(65535 - program_speed / bauds))
-        packet += bytes(user_trim)
+        packet += struct.pack(">H", int(65535 - (program_speed / bauds) * 1.5))
        iap_wait = self.get_iap_delay(program_speed)
        packet += bytes([iap_wait])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x01:
+        if response[0] != 0x01:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.ser.baudrate = self.baud_transfer
@ -1418,7 +1315,7 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        packet += bytes([0x00, 0x00, iap_wait])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x01:
+        if response[0] != 0x01:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.ser.baudrate = self.baud_transfer
@ -1444,9 +1341,9 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
            packet += bytes([0x00, 0x00, 0x5a, 0xa5])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) == 1 and response[0] == 0x0f:
+        if response[0] == 0x0f:
            raise StcProtocolException("MCU is locked")
-        if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x05:
+        if response[0] != 0x05:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        print("done")
@ -1467,20 +1364,18 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
            packet += bytes([0x00, 0x5a, 0xa5])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x03:
+        if response[0] != 0x03:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        print("done")
        if len(response) >= 8:
            self.uid = response[1:8]
        # we should have a UID at this point
        if not self.uid:
            raise StcProtocolException("UID is missing")
    def program_flash(self, data):
        """Program the MCU's flash memory."""
        print("Writing %d bytes: " % len(data), end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for i in range(0, len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE):
            packet = bytes([0x22]) if i == 0 else bytes([0x02])
            packet += struct.pack(">H", i)
@ -1490,10 +1385,11 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
            while len(packet) < self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE + 3: packet += b"\x00"
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
-            if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x02 or response[1] != 0x54:
+            if response[0] != 0x02 or response[1] != 0x54:
                raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in write packet")
-            self.progress_cb(i, self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            print(".", end="")
-        self.progress_cb(len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            sys.stdout.flush()
        print(" done")
        # BSL 7.2+ needs a write finish packet according to dumps
        if self.bsl_version >= 0x72:
@ -1502,7 +1398,7 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
            packet = bytes([0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5a, 0xa5])
            self.write_packet(packet)
            response = self.read_packet()
-            if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x07 or response[1] != 0x54:
+            if response[0] != 0x07 or response[1] != 0x54:
                raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in finish packet")
            print("done")
@ -1511,7 +1407,7 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        configuration."""
        msr = self.options.get_msr()
-        packet = bytes([0xff] * 23)
+        packet  = bytes([0xff] * 23)
        packet += bytes([(self.trim_frequency >> 24) & 0xff,
                         0xff,
                         (self.trim_frequency >> 16) & 0xff,
@ -1541,152 +1437,13 @@ class Stc15Protocol(Stc15AProtocol):
        packet += self.build_options()
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
-        if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x04 or response[1] != 0x54:
+        if response[0] != 0x04 or response[1] != 0x54:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in option packet")
        print("done")
        print("Target UID: %s" % Utils.hexstr(self.uid))
 class Stc8Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
    """Protocol handler for STC8 series"""
    def __init__(self, port, handshake, baud, trim):
        Stc15Protocol.__init__(self, port, handshake, baud, trim)
        self.trim_divider = None
    def initialize_options(self, status_packet):
        """Initialize options"""
        if len(status_packet) < 17:
            raise StcProtocolException("invalid options in status packet")
        # create option state
        self.options = Stc8Option(status_packet[9:12] + status_packet[15:17])
        self.options.print()
    def initialize_status(self, packet):
        """Decode status packet and store basic MCU info"""
        self.mcu_clock_hz, = struct.unpack(">I", packet[1:5])
        # XXX: external clock not supported nor tested
        self.external_clock = False
        # all ones means no calibration
        # new chips are shipped without any calibration
        # XXX: somehow check if that still holds
        if self.mcu_clock_hz == 0xffffffff: self.mcu_clock_hz = 0
        # pre-calibrated trim adjust for 24 MHz, range 0x40
        self.freq_count_24 = packet[4]
        # wakeup timer factory value
        self.wakeup_freq, = struct.unpack(">H", packet[23:25])
        bl_version, bl_stepping = struct.unpack("BB", packet[17:19])
        bl_minor = packet[22] & 0x0f
        self.mcu_bsl_version = "%d.%d.%d%s" % (bl_version >> 4, bl_version & 0x0f,
                                               bl_minor, chr(bl_stepping))
        self.bsl_version = bl_version
    def calibrate(self):
        """Calibrate selected user frequency frequency and switch to selected baudrate."""
        # handle uncalibrated chips
        if self.mcu_clock_hz == 0 and self.trim_frequency <= 0:
            raise StcProtocolException("uncalibrated, please provide a trim value")
        # determine target counter
        user_speed = self.trim_frequency
        if user_speed <= 0: user_speed = self.mcu_clock_hz
        target_user_count = round(user_speed / (self.baud_handshake/2))
        # calibration, round 1
        # XXX: challenges need work. the ranges and how they related to clock frequency
        # is different. A clock divider is used for lower frequencies.
        print("Trimming frequency: ", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        packet = bytes([0x00])
        packet += struct.pack(">B", 12)
        packet += bytes([0x00, 0x00, 23*1, 0x00, 23*2, 0x00])
        packet += bytes([23*3, 0x00, 23*4, 0x00, 23*5, 0x00])
        packet += bytes([23*6, 0x00, 23*7, 0x00, 23*8, 0x00])
        packet += bytes([23*9, 0x00, 23*10, 0x00, 255, 0x00])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(b"\xfe", timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
        if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x00:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # select ranges and trim values
        for divider in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):
            user_trim = self.choose_range(packet, response, target_user_count * divider)
            if user_trim is not None:
                self.trim_divider = divider
                break
        if user_trim is None:
            raise StcProtocolException("frequency trimming unsuccessful")
        # calibration, round 2
        packet = bytes([0x00])
        packet += struct.pack(">B", 12)
        for i in range(user_trim[0] - 1, user_trim[0] + 2):
            packet += bytes([i & 0xff, 0x00])
        for i in range(user_trim[0] - 1, user_trim[0] + 2):
            packet += bytes([i & 0xff, 0x01])
        for i in range(user_trim[0] - 1, user_trim[0] + 2):
            packet += bytes([i & 0xff, 0x02])
        for i in range(user_trim[0] - 1, user_trim[0] + 2):
            packet += bytes([i & 0xff, 0x03])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.pulse(b"\xfe", timeout=1.0)
        response = self.read_packet()
        if len(response) < 2 or response[0] != 0x00:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        # select final values
        user_trim, user_count = self.choose_trim(packet, response, target_user_count)
        self.trim_value = user_trim
        self.trim_frequency = round(user_count * (self.baud_handshake / 2) / self.trim_divider)
        print("%.03f MHz" % (self.trim_frequency / 1E6))
        # switch to programming frequency
        print("Switching to %d baud: " % self.baud_transfer, end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        packet = bytes([0x01, 0x00, 0x00])
        bauds = self.baud_transfer * 4
        packet += struct.pack(">H", int(65535 - 24E6 / bauds))
        packet += bytes([user_trim[1], user_trim[0]])
        iap_wait = self.get_iap_delay(24E6)
        packet += bytes([iap_wait])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        response = self.read_packet()
        if len(response) < 1 or response[0] != 0x01:
            raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in handshake packet")
        self.ser.baudrate = self.baud_transfer
    def build_options(self):
        """Build a packet of option data from the current configuration."""
        msr = self.options.get_msr()
        packet = 40 * bytearray([0xff])
        packet[3] = 0
        packet[6] = 0
        packet[22] = 0
        packet[24:28] = struct.pack(">I", self.trim_frequency)
        packet[28:30] = self.trim_value
        packet[30] = self.trim_divider
        packet[32] = msr[0]
        packet[36:40] = msr[1:5]
        return bytes(packet)
    def disconnect(self):
        """Disconnect from MCU"""
        # reset mcu
        packet = bytes([0xff])
        self.write_packet(packet)
        self.ser.close()
        print("Disconnected!")
 class StcUsb15Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
    """USB should use large blocks"""
    PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE = 128
@ -1704,9 +1461,8 @@ class StcUsb15Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
    def dump_packet(self, data, request=0, value=0, index=0, receive=True):
        if self.debug:
-            print("%s bRequest=%02X wValue=%04X wIndex=%04X data: %s" %
+            print("%s bRequest=%02X wValue=%04X wIndex=%04X data: %s" % (("<-" if receive else "->"),
-                  (("<-" if receive else "->"), request, value, index,
+                  request, value, index, Utils.hexstr(data, " ")), file=sys.stderr)
                   Utils.hexstr(data, " ")), file=sys.stderr)
    def read_packet(self):
        """Read a packet from the MCU"""
@ -1746,16 +1502,15 @@ class StcUsb15Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
        self.dump_packet(chunks, request, value, index, receive=False)
        host2dev = usb.util.CTRL_TYPE_VENDOR | usb.util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE | usb.util.CTRL_OUT
-        self.dev.ctrl_transfer(host2dev, request, value, index, chunks)
+        self.dev.ctrl_transfer(host2dev, request, value, index, chunks);
-    def connect(self, autoreset=False, resetcmd=False):
+    def connect(self, autoreset=False):
        """Connect to USB device and read info packet"""
        # USB support is optional. Provide an error if pyusb is not available.
-        if not _usb_available:
+        if _usb_available == False:
-            raise StcProtocolException(
+            raise StcProtocolException("USB support not available. "
-                "USB support not available. " +
+                + "pyusb is not installed or not working correctly.")
                "pyusb is not installed or not working correctly.")
        print("Waiting for MCU, please cycle power: ", end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
@ -1815,6 +1570,8 @@ class StcUsb15Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
    def program_flash(self, data):
        """Program the MCU's flash memory."""
        print("Writing %d bytes: " % len(data), end="")
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for i in range(0, len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE):
            packet = data[i:i+self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE]
            while len(packet) < self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE: packet += b"\x00"
@ -1824,8 +1581,9 @@ class StcUsb15Protocol(Stc15Protocol):
            response = self.read_packet()
            if response[0] != 0x02 or response[1] != 0x54:
                raise StcProtocolException("incorrect magic in write packet")
-            self.progress_cb(i, self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            print(".", end="")
-        self.progress_cb(len(data), self.PROGRAM_BLOCKSIZE, len(data))
+            sys.stdout.flush()
        print(" done")
    def program_options(self):
        print("Setting options: ", end="")
--- a/stcgal/utils.py
+++ b/stcgal/utils.py
@ -19,38 +19,31 @@
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
 import argparse
 import serial
 import argparse
 class Utils:
    """Common utility functions"""
    @classmethod
-    def to_bool(cls, val):
+    def to_bool(self, val):
        """make sensible boolean from string or other type value"""
-        if not val:
+        if isinstance(val, bool): return val
-            return False
+        if isinstance(val, int): return bool(val)
-        if isinstance(val, bool):
+        if len(val) == 0: return False
            return val
        elif isinstance(val, int):
            return bool(val)
        return True if val[0].lower() == "t" or val[0] == "1" else False
    @classmethod
-    def to_int(cls, val):
+    def to_int(self, val):
        """make int from any value, nice error message if not possible"""
-        try:
+        try: return int(val, 0)
-            return int(val, 0)
+        except: raise ValueError("invalid integer")
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            raise ValueError("invalid integer")
    @classmethod
-    def hexstr(cls, bytestr, sep=""):
+    def hexstr(self, bytestr, sep=""):
        """make formatted hex string output from byte sequence"""
-        return sep.join(["%02X" % x for x in bytes(bytestr)])
+        return sep.join(["%02X" % x for x in bytestr])
 class BaudType:
@ -62,5 +55,5 @@ class BaudType:
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("illegal baudrate")
        return baud
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self): return "baudrate"
-        return "baudrate"
+
--- a/tests/init.py
+++ b/tests/init.py
--- a/tests/iap15f2k61s2.yml
+++ b/tests/iap15f2k61s2.yml
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
 name: IAP15F2K61S2 programming test
 protocol: stc15
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x50, 0x87, 0xD3, 0x75, 0x9C, 0xF5, 0x3B, 0x17, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x09, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0x53, 0x00, 0xF4, 0x49, 0x04, 0x06, 0x58, 0x9C, 0x02, 0x0E, 0x14, 0x17, 0x19, 0x19, 0x00, 0xF4, 0xF4, 0x04, 0xD2]
    - [0x00, 0x0B, 0x03, 0x37, 0x04, 0x9A, 0x06, 0x02, 0x06, 0x6B, 0x09, 0x27, 0x0B, 0xE8, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x12, 0x5A, 0x17, 0x9B, 0x14, 0x8F, 0x1C, 0x96, 0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x0C, 0x09, 0x04, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x18, 0x09, 0x1D, 0x12, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0F, 0x12, 0x19, 0x12, 0x23, 0x12, 0x2D, 0x12, 0x37]
    - [0x01]
    - [0x05]
    - [0x03, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x02, 0x26, 0x32]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x04, 0x54]
--- a/tests/stc12c2052ad.yml
+++ b/tests/stc12c2052ad.yml
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
 name: STC12C2052AD programming test
 protocol: stc12a
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x00, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEC, 0x04, 0xEB, 0x04, 0xEB, 0x58, 0x44, 0x00, 0xF2, 0x12, 0x83, 0xFD, 0xF7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFD, 0xF7, 0xF7, 0xFF]
    - [0x8F, 0xC0, 0x79, 0x3F, 0xFE, 0x28, 0x85]
    - [0x8E, 0xC0, 0x79, 0x3F, 0xFE, 0x28]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x66]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x80, 0xEE]
    - [0x10, 0xC0, 0x16, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x58, 0x44, 0xFD, 0xF7, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFD, 0xF7, 0xF7, 0xFF]
    - [0x80]
--- a/tests/stc12c5a60s2.yml
+++ b/tests/stc12c5a60s2.yml
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 name: STC12C5A60S2 programming test
 protocol: stc12
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x50, 0x04, 0xBD, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xBD, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x62, 0x49, 0x00, 0xD1, 0x7E, 0x8C, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0xB0, 0x02, 0x2E, 0x6B, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x8F]
    - [0x8F, 0xC0, 0x7E, 0x3F, 0xFE, 0xA0, 0x83, 0x04]
    - [0x84, 0xC0, 0x7E, 0x3F, 0xFE, 0xA0, 0x04]
    - [0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x03]
    - [0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x8D]
    - [0x50, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x62, 0x49, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0xB0, 0x02, 0x2E, 0x6B, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00]
--- a/tests/stc15f104e.yml
+++ b/tests/stc15f104e.yml
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 name: STC15F104E programming test
 protocol: stc15a
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x50, 0x02, 0xB0, 0x02, 0xB0, 0x02, 0xAF, 0x02, 0xB0, 0x02, 0xE6, 0x02, 0xE7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x67, 0x51, 0xFF, 0xF2, 0x94, 0x8C, 0xEF, 0x3B, 0xF5, 0x58, 0x34, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x58, 0x50, 0x0C, 0x94, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x29]
    - [0x8f]
    - [0x65, 0x58, 0x50, 0x0C, 0x95, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x2B, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x06, 0x06, 0x58, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0xFF, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00]
    - [0x65, 0x58, 0x50, 0x0C, 0x95, 0x21, 0xFF, 0x2B, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x06, 0x0B, 0x58, 0x24, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x25, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x26, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x27, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x28, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x29, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x2A, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x2B, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x2C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x2D, 0x02, 0x00, 0x58, 0x2E, 0x02, 0x00]
    - [0x01]
    - [0x05]
    - [0x03, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x01, 0xA0, 0xE0]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x04, 0x54]
--- a/tests/stc15l104w.yml
+++ b/tests/stc15l104w.yml
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
 name: STC15L104W programming test
 protocol: stc15
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x50, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x93, 0xBA, 0xF7, 0xBB, 0x9F, 0x00, 0x5B, 0x68, 0x00, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0x51, 0x03, 0xF2, 0xD4, 0x04, 0x06, 0x58, 0xBA, 0x02, 0x2A, 0x31, 0x32, 0x38, 0x30, 0x80, 0x14, 0x10, 0x04, 0xD9]
    - [0x00, 0x0B, 0x03, 0x0A, 0x04, 0x4F, 0x05, 0x9E, 0x06, 0x20, 0x08, 0xB9, 0x0B, 0x5C, 0x0C, 0x6A, 0x11, 0x7E, 0x16, 0x79, 0x13, 0x77, 0x1A, 0xB1, 0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x0C, 0x04, 0xD6, 0x04, 0xDB, 0x04, 0xE0, 0x04, 0xE0, 0x04, 0xE0, 0x04, 0xE5, 0x11, 0xE2, 0x11, 0xF1, 0x11, 0xFB, 0x12, 0x05, 0x12, 0x0A, 0x12, 0x19]
    - [0x01]
    - [0x05]
    - [0x03, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x01, 0xA0, 0xE0]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x04, 0x54]
--- a/tests/stc15w4k56s4.yml
+++ b/tests/stc15w4k56s4.yml
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 name: STC15W4K56S4 programming test
 protocol: stc15
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x50, 0x8D, 0xFF, 0x73, 0x96, 0xF5, 0x7B, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x27, 0xED, 0x00, 0x00, 0x73, 0x54, 0x00, 0xF5, 0x28, 0x04, 0x06, 0x70, 0x96, 0x02, 0x15, 0x19, 0x1C, 0x1E, 0x23, 0x00, 0xEC, 0xE0, 0x04, 0xD7, 0xF8, 0x73, 0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x15, 0x09, 0x25, 0x60]
    - [0x00, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x21, 0x12, 0xBC, 0x18, 0x3E, 0x1A, 0x05, 0x24, 0xFA, 0x2F, 0xB3, 0x34, 0xD1, 0x4A, 0x52, 0x5E, 0xC0, 0x52, 0xDB, 0x73, 0x1A, 0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x00, 0x0C, 0x23, 0xBF, 0x23, 0xD3, 0x23, 0xE7, 0x23, 0xF6, 0x24, 0x0F, 0x24, 0x23, 0x47, 0x73, 0x47, 0xB9, 0x47, 0xE1, 0x48, 0x09, 0x48, 0x36, 0x48, 0x59]
    - [0x01]
    - [0x05]
    - [0x03, 0xF5, 0x28, 0x00, 0xA5, 0x03, 0x27, 0x49]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x02, 0x54]
    - [0x07, 0x54]
    - [0x04, 0x54]
--- a/tests/stc89c52rc.yml
+++ b/tests/stc89c52rc.yml
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
 name: STC89C52RC programming test
 protocol: stc89
 code_data: [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57]
 responses:
    - [0x00, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x25, 0xE2, 0x25, 0xE6, 0x43, 0x43, 0xFC, 0xF0, 0x02, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
    - [0x8F, 0xFD, 0xF8, 0x02, 0x10, 0x28, 0x81]
    - [0x8E, 0xFD, 0xF8, 0x02, 0x10, 0x28]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x66]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x80, 0x80]
    - [0x8D, 0xFC, 0xFF, 0xF6, 0xFF]
    - [0x10, 0xC0, 0x16, 0xF6, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x43, 0x43, 0xFC]
    - [0x80]
--- a/tests/test_fuzzing.py
+++ b/tests/test_fuzzing.py
@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2017 Grigori Goronzy <greg@chown.ath.cx>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 #
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 # copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 #
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
 """Tests with fuzzing of input data"""
 import random
 import sys
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 import yaml
 import stcgal.frontend
 import stcgal.protocols
 from tests.test_program import get_default_opts, convert_to_bytes
 class ByteArrayFuzzer:
    """Fuzzer for byte arrays"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.rng = random.Random()
        self.cut_propability = 0.01 # probability for cutting off an array early
        self.cut_min = 0 # minimum cut amount
        self.cut_max = sys.maxsize # maximum cut amount
        self.bitflip_probability = 0.0001 # probability for flipping a bit
        self.randomize_probability = 0.001 # probability for randomizing a char
    def fuzz(self, inp):
        """Fuzz an array of bytes according to predefined settings"""
        arr = bytearray(inp)
        arr = self.cut_off(arr)
        self.randomize(arr)
        return bytes(arr)
    def randomize(self, arr):
        """Randomize array contents with bitflips and random bytes"""
        for i, _ in enumerate(arr):
            for j in range(8):
                if self.rng.random() < self.bitflip_probability:
                    arr[i] ^= (1 << j)
            if self.rng.random() < self.randomize_probability:
                arr[i] = self.rng.getrandbits(8)
    def cut_off(self, arr):
        """Cut off data from end of array"""
        if self.rng.random() < self.cut_propability:
            cut_limit = min(len(arr), self.cut_max)
            cut_len = self.rng.randrange(self.cut_min, cut_limit)
            arr = arr[0:len(arr) - cut_len]
        return arr
 class TestProgramFuzzed(unittest.TestCase):
    """Special programming cycle tests that use a fuzzing approach"""
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    @patch("sys.stderr")
    def test_program_fuzz(self, err, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test programming cycles with fuzzing enabled"""
        yml = [
            "./tests/iap15f2k61s2.yml",
            "./tests/stc12c2052ad.yml",
            "./tests/stc15w4k56s4.yml",
            "./tests/stc12c5a60s2.yml",
            "./tests/stc89c52rc.yml",
            "./tests/stc15l104w.yml",
            "./tests/stc15f104e.yml",
        ]
        fuzzer = ByteArrayFuzzer()
        fuzzer.cut_propability = 0.01
        fuzzer.bitflip_probability = 0.005
        fuzzer.rng = random.Random(1)
        for y in yml:
            with self.subTest(msg="trace {}".format(y)):
                self.single_fuzz(y, serial_mock, fuzzer, read_mock, err, out,
                                 sleep_mock, write_mock)
    def single_fuzz(self, yml, serial_mock, fuzzer, read_mock, err, out, sleep_mock, write_mock):
        """Test a single programming cycle with fuzzing"""
        with open(yml) as test_file:
            test_data = yaml.load(test_file.read())
            for _ in range(1000):
                with self.subTest():
                    opts = get_default_opts()
                    opts.protocol = test_data["protocol"]
                    opts.code_image.read.return_value = bytes(test_data["code_data"])
                    serial_mock.return_value.inWaiting.return_value = 1
                    fuzzed_responses = []
                    for arr in convert_to_bytes(test_data["responses"]):
                        fuzzed_responses.append(fuzzer.fuzz(arr))
                    read_mock.side_effect = fuzzed_responses
                    gal = stcgal.frontend.StcGal(opts)
                    self.assertGreaterEqual(gal.run(), 0)
                    err.reset_mock()
                    out.reset_mock()
                    sleep_mock.reset_mock()
                    serial_mock.reset_mock()
                    write_mock.reset_mock()
                    read_mock.reset_mock()
--- a/tests/test_program.py
+++ b/tests/test_program.py
@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2017 Grigori Goronzy <greg@chown.ath.cx>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 #
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 # copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 #
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
 """Tests that simulate a whole programming cycle"""
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 import yaml
 import stcgal.frontend
 import stcgal.protocols
 def convert_to_bytes(list_of_lists):
    """Convert lists of integer lists to list of byte lists"""
    return [bytes(x) for x in list_of_lists]
 def get_default_opts():
    """Get a default preconfigured option object"""
    opts = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
    opts.protocol = "stc89"
    opts.autoreset = False
    opts.port = ""
    opts.baud = 19200
    opts.handshake = 9600
    opts.trim = 22118
    opts.eeprom_image = None
    opts.debug = False
    opts.code_image.name = "test.bin"
    opts.code_image.read.return_value = b"123456789"
    return opts
 class ProgramTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test MCU programming cycles for different families, based on traces"""
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc89(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC89 protocol"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc89c52rc.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc12(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC12 protocol"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc12c5a60s2.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc12a(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC12A protocol"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc12c2052ad.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    def test_program_stc12b(self):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC12B protocol"""
        self.skipTest("trace missing")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc15f2(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC15 protocol, F2 series"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/iap15f2k61s2.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc15w4(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC15 protocol, W4 series"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc15w4k56s4.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    @unittest.skip("trace is broken")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc15a(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC15A protocol"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc15f104e.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.StcBaseProtocol.read_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.Stc89Protocol.write_packet")
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.serial.Serial", autospec=True)
    @patch("stcgal.protocols.time.sleep")
    @patch("sys.stdout")
    def test_program_stc15l1(self, out, sleep_mock, serial_mock, write_mock, read_mock):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC15 protocol, L1 series"""
        self._program_yml("./tests/stc15l104w.yml", serial_mock, read_mock)
    def test_program_stc15w4_usb(self):
        """Test a programming cycle with STC15W4 USB protocol"""
        self.skipTest("USB not supported yet, trace missing")
    def _program_yml(self, yml, serial_mock, read_mock):
        """Program MCU with data from YAML file"""
        with open(yml) as test_file:
            test_data = yaml.load(test_file.read())
            opts = get_default_opts()
            opts.protocol = test_data["protocol"]
            opts.code_image.read.return_value = bytes(test_data["code_data"])
            serial_mock.return_value.inWaiting.return_value = 1
            read_mock.side_effect = convert_to_bytes(test_data["responses"])
            gal = stcgal.frontend.StcGal(opts)
            self.assertEqual(gal.run(), 0)
--- a/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils.py
@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2017 Grigori Goronzy <greg@chown.ath.cx>
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 #
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 # copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 #
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 # SOFTWARE.
 #
 """Tests for utility functions and other misc parts"""
 import argparse
 import unittest
 from stcgal.utils import Utils, BaudType
 class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test for utility functions in the Utils class"""
    def test_to_bool(self):
        """Test special utility function for bool conversion"""
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool(True))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool("true"))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool("True"))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool("t"))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool("T"))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool(1))
        self.assertTrue(Utils.to_bool(-1))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool(0))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool(None))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool("false"))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool("False"))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool("f"))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool("F"))
        self.assertFalse(Utils.to_bool(""))
    def test_to_int(self):
        """Test wrapped integer conversion"""
        self.assertEqual(Utils.to_int("2"), 2)
        self.assertEqual(Utils.to_int("0x10"), 16)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Utils.to_int("a")
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Utils.to_int("")
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Utils.to_int(None)
    def test_hexstr(self):
        """Test byte array formatter"""
        self.assertEqual(Utils.hexstr([10]), "0A")
        self.assertEqual(Utils.hexstr([1, 2, 3]), "010203")
        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
            Utils.hexstr([400, 500])
 class TestBaudType(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test BaudType class"""
    def test_create_baud_type(self):
        """Test creation of BaudType instances"""
        baud_type = BaudType()
        self.assertEqual(baud_type("2400"), 2400)
        self.assertEqual(baud_type("115200"), 115200)
        with self.assertRaises(argparse.ArgumentTypeError):
            baud_type("2374882")